A Bartholin cyst is a fluid-filled lump that develops near the vaginal opening when the duct of a Bartholin gland becomes blocked. A small cyst may cause no symptoms, while a larger or infected cyst can cause swelling, discomfort, or severe pain.
The Bartholin glands are two small glands located on either side of the vaginal opening. They produce fluid that helps provide moisture and lubrication.
When the duct that drains a gland becomes blocked, fluid may collect under the skin and form a Bartholin cyst. A cyst usually develops on one side of the vaginal opening and may range from a small, barely noticeable lump to a larger swelling.
If bacteria enter the cyst, it may become infected and fill with pus. This is called a Bartholin abscess and can cause rapidly worsening pain, redness, warmth, and swelling.
A small Bartholin cyst may cause no symptoms and may be noticed only during washing, sexual activity, or a gynecologic examination. A larger cyst may cause a lump or swelling on one side of the vaginal opening, pressure, discomfort while walking or sitting, or pain during sexual intercourse.
If the cyst becomes infected and forms an abscess, symptoms may include:
Bartholin cysts and abscesses most commonly occur on one side of the vaginal opening.
A Bartholin cyst develops when the gland’s drainage duct becomes blocked, causing fluid to accumulate. The blockage may be related to local inflammation, irritation, swelling, minor injury, or a previous cyst, abscess, or procedure in the area. However, in many cases, no clearly identifiable cause is found, and the duct may become blocked without any specific reason.
Once a cyst or abscess has occurred, it may recur in the same area if the duct becomes blocked again. Testing for sexually transmitted infections may be recommended when indicated based on symptoms, examination findings, and individual risk factors.
Diagnosis usually begins with a review of the symptoms, when the lump first appeared, whether it has changed in size, previous episodes, pain, fever, discharge, and sexual health history.
During the examination, the doctor evaluates the lump’s location, size, consistency, tenderness, redness, warmth, and whether there is any drainage. The examination also helps determine whether the lump is likely to be a Bartholin cyst or abscess, or whether it may arise from another vulvar structure.
A lump near the vaginal opening is not always a Bartholin cyst. Its cause may vary depending on its exact location, depth, appearance, and symptoms.
Conditions that may look or feel similar include:
An epidermal cyst—commonly called a sebaceous cyst—usually develops within the skin, while a lipoma is generally a soft lump made of fatty tissue. Folliculitis, ingrown hairs, and pimples tend to occur closer to the skin surface and may show visible redness or a small central opening.
Because treatment differs according to the cause, squeezing, puncturing, or attempting to drain a vulvar lump at home is not recommended. A gynecologic examination can help determine whether the lump arises from the Bartholin gland or another vulvar structure.
Treatment depends on the size of the cyst, the degree of pain, whether infection or an abscess is present, whether it has recurred, and the patient’s individual condition.
| Treatment | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Observation and Conservative Care | A small Bartholin cyst that is not painful or infected may not require immediate treatment. Observation may be appropriate if the cyst does not interfere with walking, sitting, sexual activity, or daily life. Warm sitz baths or warm compresses may help relieve mild discomfort and may occasionally encourage a small cyst to drain naturally. Pain medication may also be used when needed. |
| Medication | Medication may be considered when there is surrounding skin infection, fever, systemic symptoms, a recurrent abscess, or another reason to suspect bacterial infection. Pain relievers and other medications may also be prescribed depending on symptoms and examination findings. When a large abscess has formed, medication alone may not provide adequate treatment because the accumulated pus may need to be drained. |
| Incision and Drainage | A painful cyst or abscess may be opened through a small incision so that the fluid or pus can drain. Drainage can provide rapid relief from pressure and pain. However, because the opening may close and the duct may become blocked again, simple incision and drainage may not be the preferred approach for a persistent or repeatedly recurring Bartholin cyst. |
| Marsupialization / Catheter Drainage | Marsupialization and catheter drainage are different procedures used to help keep the drainage opening from closing too quickly after a Bartholin cyst or abscess is drained. |
| Excision | Surgical excision involves removing the Bartholin gland itself. Excision may be considered in selected patients with repeated recurrences, a persistent solid mass, unusual examination findings, or concern that tissue evaluation is needed. Because gland excision is a more extensive procedure, it is not commonly performed and is generally reserved for selected cases. |
Marsupialization and catheter drainage are procedures used to maintain drainage after a Bartholin cyst or abscess is opened. At LANTE OBGYN, catheter drainage may be performed.
During the procedure, the cyst or abscess is opened and drained, and a small drainage catheter is placed through the opening. The catheter is usually kept in place for about one week to allow continued drainage and help maintain the opening. The patient then returns to the clinic to have the catheter removed.
This procedure may be considered when a Bartholin cyst or abscess is large, painful, infected, persistent, or recurrent. It may be performed under local anesthesia or sedation, and most patients can return home the same day.
Yes. A Bartholin cyst or abscess can recur after spontaneous drainage, medication, drainage procedures, or marsupialization if the duct becomes blocked again.
Catheter drainage or marsupialization may reduce the risk of recurrence compared with simple drainage, but it cannot completely prevent the cyst from returning.
If recurrence continues, a different or more extensive treatment may be considered depending on the previous treatment and examination findings.
Prompt medical evaluation is recommended if you experience:
A newly developed mass in the Bartholin gland area at age 40 or older or after menopause may require additional evaluation or tissue testing to exclude other conditions.
The uninsured cost of Bartholin cyst drainage with catheter placement generally ranges from approximately KRW 400,000 to KRW 650,000.
The final cost may vary depending on the anesthesia method and any additional treatment or care required.
Reviewed by Lante’s female OBGYN specialists, who personally perform intimate aesthetic surgery. For general information only. It does not replace an in-person consultation. Last reviewed: 16 Oct 2026.
Vulvar lumps are evaluated by female OB/GYN specialists in a private clinical setting. Their location, size, appearance, symptoms, and signs of infection or abscess are reviewed to distinguish a Bartholin cyst from other vulvar conditions.
Depending on the findings, treatment may include observation, medication, drainage, catheter treatment, marsupialization, or surgical removal in selected cases. Procedures may be performed under local anesthesia or sedation when appropriate. English-speaking consultation is available for international patients in Gangnam, Seoul.
Female board-certified specialists handle consultation, surgery, and aftercare — performed personally by a specialist, in a private setting.
Obstetrician / Gynecologist
Obstetrician / Gynecologist
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Current page summary: A Bartholin cyst is a fluid-filled lump near the vaginal opening caused by a blocked Bartholin gland duct. This page explains what it is, who it may be considered for, how it is evaluated and performed, what to expect afterwards, and answers the questions patients ask most often.
Clinic: LANTE OBGYN
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